Our Research

The GAFL strives to lead the curve in the field of adaptive & intelligent control systems, aviation safety technologies, and flight simulation systems. Our faculty and students consistently publish research articles in peer-reviewed journals and regularly present latest developments at major aerospace conferences. Some of our latest research areas and endeavors include:

  • Aircraft loss-of-control mitigation through predictive methologies
  • Smart sensing and quantification of morphing wing deflections
  • Augmented-reality visual guidance technologies for aviation safety and control loss prevention
  • Adaptive neural network-based control systems for general aviation aircraft
  • Development of control systems resilient to loss of control effectivity and adverse weather
  • Unconventional aircraft control techniques using EEG control and interactive hand-motion gestures
  • Simulated flight testing through small-scale R/C aircraft and full-scale flight simulators
  • Real-world flight testing of adaptive control algorithms

Our Publications

Check out our conference proceedings and published articles here:

Book Chapters

  • Model Reference Adaptive Control for General Aviation Aircraft: Development, Simulation, and Flight Test
    Advances in Computational Intelligence and Autonomy for Aerospace Systems, pp. 243-288
    Melvin Rafi, James E. Steck, Venkatasubramani S. R. Pappu, John M. Watkins, and Bryan S. Steele

Journal Articles

  • A Study on Smart SansEC Skin Sensing for Real-Time Monitoring of Flexible Structures
    IEEE Sensors Journal, Volume 18, Number 7, April 2018
    Yulia Kostogorova-Beller, Jonathan Whitford, Kenneth Dudley, Alok Menon, Animesh Chakravarthy, and James Steck
  • Real-Time Google Glass Heads-Up Display for Rapid Air-Traffic Detection
    AIAA Journal of Aircraft, Volume 55, Number 1, January 2018
    Melvin Rafi, Balaji Chandrasekaran, Bill Kusmez, James E. Steck, and Jibo He
  • Measurement of Wing Deflections in Flexible Aircraft Using the SansEC Smart Sensor
    IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine, Volume 32, Number 10, October 2017
    Alok Menon, Melvin Rafi, Georg Schirmer, Teresa Tran, Jonathan Whitford, Nita Yodo, Yulia Kostogorova-Beller, James Steck, Animesh Chakravarthy, Suresh Keshavanarayana
  • Kalman-Filter-Based Adaptive Control: Flight Testing on General Aviation Aircraft
    AIAA Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, Volume 40, Number 9, September 2017
    Melvin Rafi, James E. Steck, and John Watkins
  • A Study on Smart SansEC Skin Sensing for Real-Time Monitoring of Flexible Structures
    IEEE Sensors Journal, Volume 18, Number 7, April 2018
    Yulia Kostogorova-Beller, Jonathan Whitford, Kenneth Dudley, Alok Menon, Animesh Chakravarthy, and James Steck
  • Turbulence Effects on Modified State Observer-Based Adaptive Control: Black Kite Micro Aerial Vehicle
    MDPI Aerospace, Volume 3, Number 6, February 2016
    Venkatasubramani Subba Reddiar Pappu, James E. Steck, and Guruganesh Ramamurthi
  • Neural Network Based Adaptive Controller for Attitude Control of All-Electric Satellites
    Advances in the Astronautical Sciences Astrodynamics 2015, Volume 156, 2016
    Suwat Sreesawet, Venkatasubramani Subba Reddiar Pappu, Atri Dutta, and James E. Steck
  • Adaptive Flight-Control Design Using Neural-Network-Aided Optimal Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion
    AIAA Journal of Aerospace Information Systems, Volume 11, Number 11, November 2014
    Geethalakshmi S. Lakshmikanth, Radhakant Padhi, John M. Watkins and James E. Steck
  • Single Network Adaptive Critic Aided Dynamic Inversion for Optimal Regulation and Command Tracking with Online Adaptation for Enhanced Robustness
    Journal of Optimal Control Applications and Methods, Volume 35, Number 4, July/August 2014
    Geethalakshmi S. Lakshmikanth, Radhakant Padhi, John M. Watkins, and James E. Steck
  • Crack Propagation Analysis Using Acoustic Emission Sensors for Structural Health Monitoring Systems
    The Scientific World Journal, Volume 2013, Article ID 823603, June 2013
    Zachary Kral, Walter Horn, and James Steck
  • Adaptive Feedback Control by Constrained Approximate Dynamic Programming
    IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B (Cybernetics), Volume 38, Number 4, August 2008
    Silvia Ferrari, James E. Steck, and Rajeev Chandramohan
  • Implementation of Automatic Airspace Avoidance in an Advanced Flight Control System
    SAE 2007 Transactions Journal of Aerospace, March 2008
    Kamran Rokhsaz, James E. Steck, and Yakup Gunbatar
  • Response of an Advanced Flight Control System to Microburst Encounters
    SAE 2005 Transactions Journal of Aerospace, March 2006
    Kamran Rokhsaz, James E. Steck, Rajeev Chandramohan, and Balbahadur Singh
  • An Advanced Flight Control System for General Aviation Application
    SAE 2004 Transactions Journal of Aerospace, Volume 113, Number 1, July 2005
    James E. Steck, Kamran Rokhsaz, Urpo Pesonen, and Noel Duerksen
  • Adaptive Neural Network Inverse Controller for General Aviation Safety
    AIAA Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics, Volume 27, Number 3, May 2004
    Urpo J. Pesonen, James E. Steck, Kamran Rokhsaz, Hugh Samuel Bruner, and Noel Duerksen

Conference Proceedings

  • A Vision-Based Parameter Estimation for an Aircraft in Approach Phase
    AIAA Scitech 2021 Forum, January 2021
    Balaji Kartikeyan Chandrasekaran, James E. Steck, and Zahra Nili Ahmadabadi
  • Piloted Simulator Evaluations of an Adaptive Loss-of-Control Avoidance Prediction Architecture and Augmented-Reality Pilot Advisory Display
    AIAA Scitech 2021 Forum, January 2021
    Melvin Rafi, Justin Schmitz, Alok N. Menon, Robert Ross, Abbas Qamar, James E. Steck, and Animesh Chakravarthy
  • Real-time Adaptive Optimal Prediction of Safe Control Spaces and Augmented-Reality Head-Up Displays Towards Aircraft Loss-of-Control Mitigation
    AIAA Scitech 2021 Forum, January 2021
    Melvin Rafi, James E. Steck, and Animesh Chakravarthy
  • Modeling and Control of Uncertain Hybrid Structure Flexible, Morphing Wings with Stability and Performance Guarantees
    AIAA Scitech 2020 Forum, Orlando, FL, January 2020
    Alok N. Menon, Animesh Chakravarthy, Benjamin C. Gruenwald, Tansel Yucelen, and James E. Steck
  • Sensor Fusion Of Structural Finite Element Model With Inertial Sensor Data To Measure Wing Deflection Of A Fixed Wing Aircraft
    AIAA Scitech 2020 Forum, Orlando, FL, January 2020
    Georg Schirmer and James E. Steck
  • Adaptive Prediction of Aircraft Loss-of-Control Margins and Safe Control Envelopes with Longitudinally and Laterally Coupled Higher-Order Dynamics
    AIAA Scitech 2020 Forum, Orlando, FL, January 2020
    Melvin Rafi, James E. Steck, and Animesh Chakravarthy
  • An Adaptive Flight Control system for a Morphing Flapping Wing Aircraft
    AIAA Scitech 2020 Forum, Orlando, FL, January 2020
    Balaji Kartikeyan Chandrasekaran and James E. Steck
  • Control of a Flexible Wing with Flaps using a Set Theoretic Active-Passive Framework
    AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum, San Diego, CA, January 2019
    Alok N. Menon, Animesh Chakravarthy, Benjamin C. Gruenwald, and Tansel Yucelen
  • Adaptive Control System For Flapping Wing Aircraft: A Gain Study On Optimal Control Modification
    AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum, San Diego, CA, January 2019
    Balaji Kartikeyan Chandrasekaran and James E. Steck
  • Design, Implementation And Experimental Testing Of An Inertial Sensor System To Quantify Wing Deflection
    AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum, San Diego, CA, January 2019
    Georg Schirmer, James E. Steck, and Animesh Chakravarthy
  • Simulated Flight Testing of an Adaptive Loss-of-Control Avoidance Pilot Advisory Display
    AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum, San Diego, CA, January 2019
    Melvin Rafi, Kiran Rajaram, Mohamed Moustafa, Danial Imran bin Salmaan Hussain, Kevin Morales, James E. Steck, Jibo He, and Animesh Chakravarthy
  • Real-time Adaptive Prediction of Loss-of-Control Margins on a Fourth Order Aircraft
    AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum, San Diego, CA, January 2019
    Melvin Rafi, James E. Steck, and Animesh Chakravarthy
  • An Adaptive Flight Control System For A Flapping Wing Aircraft
    AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference, Kissimmee, FL, January 2018
    Balaji Kartikeyan Chandrasekaran, and James E. Steck
  • Approaches to Real-time Adaptive Prediction of Loss-of-Control Margins with Visual Cue Feedback
    AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference, Kissimmee, FL, January 2018
    Melvin Rafi, James E. Steck, and Animesh Chakravarthy
  • Adaptive Control for Hybrid PDE Models Inspired from Morphing Aircraft
    AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference, Kissimmee, FL, January 2018
    Alok N. Menon, Animesh Chakravarthy, and Nhan T. Nguyen
  • Adaptive Control for Fault Tolerant Autonomous Carrier Recovery
    AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference, Kissimmee, FL, January 2018
    Scott Reed and James E. Steck
  • Approaches to Real-time Predictive Estimation of Loss-of-Control Events & Boundaries on Transport Aircraft
    AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference, Grapevine, TX, January 2017
    Melvin Rafi, James E. Steck, Animesh Chakravarthy, and Tansel Yucelen
  • Decentralized Optimal Adaptive Control Architectures for the VCCTEF Aircraft
    58th AIAA/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference, Grapevine, TX, January 2017
    Alok Menon, Animesh Chakravarthy, James E. Steck, and Nhan T. Nguyen
  • Flexible Deflection Measurements using the SansEC Smart Sensor
    58th AIAA/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference, Grapevine, TX, January 2017
    Alok Menon, Jonathan Whitford, Yulia Kostogorova-Beller, James E. Steck, and Animesh Chakravarthy
  • Laplace-Based Predictive Estimation of Loss-of-Control Boundaries on a Transport Aircraft
    AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference, Grapevine, TX, January 2017
    Kiran Rajaram, Melvin Rafi, James E. Steck, and Animesh Chakravarthy
  • A Dynamic Heads-Up Air Traffic Locator & Collision Advisory Display Using Google Glass
    AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference, San Diego, CA, January 2016
    Melvin Rafi, Balajikartikeyan Chandrasekaran, Mehmet Kusmez, James E. Steck, and Jibo He
  • Application of a Kalman Filter for Reduction of Sensor/Turbulence-Induced Noise Within a Model Reference Adaptive Controller
    AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference, San Diego, CA, January 2016
    Melvin Rafi, James E. Steck, and John M. Watkins
  • Hardware-In-Loop and Flight Testing of Modified State Observer Based Adaptation for a General Aviation Aircraft
    AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference, Kissimmee, FL, January 2015
    Venkatasubramani Subba Reddiar Pappu, James E. Steck, Bryan S. Steele, Karthikeyan Rajagopal, and Sivasubramanya N. Balakrishnan
  • System Identification, HIL and Flight Testing of an Adaptive Controller on a Small Scale Unmanned Aircraft
    AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference, Kissimmee, FL, January 2015
    Parth Kumar, James E. Steck and Steven G. Hagerott
  • Modified State Observer based adaptive control law design for the Black Kite MAV
    2014 American Control Conference, Portland, OR, June 2014
    Venkatasubramani Subba Reddiar Pappu, James E. Steck, Viswanathan Shanmugham, and Guruganesh Ramamurthi
  • Modified State Observer Based Adaptation for a General Aviation Aircraft - Simulation and Flight Test
    AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference, National Harbor, MD, January 2014
    Venkatasubramani Subba Reddiar Pappu, James E. Steck, Karthikeyan Rajagopal, and Sivasubramanya N. Balakrishnan
  • Demonstration of the Optimal Control Modification for 6-DOF Control of a General Aviation Aircraft
    AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference, National Harbor, MD, January 2014
    Scott Reed, James E. Steck, and Nhan T. Nguyen
  • Response and Recovery of an MRAC Advanced Flight Control System to Wake Vortex Encounters
    AIAA Infotech@Aerospace Conference, Boston, MA, August 2013
    Melvin Rafi and James E. Steck
  • Single Network Adaptive Critic aided Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion with Optimal Control Modification for Fast Adaptation of MRAC Flight Control
    AIAA Infotech@Aerospace Conference, Boston, MA, August 2013
    Geethalakshmi Shivanapura Lakshmikanth, Scott Reed, John Watkins, and James E. Steck
  • Single Network Adaptive Critic (SNAC) Architecture for Optimal Tracking Control of a Morphing Aircraft during a Pull-up Maneuver
    AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference, Boston, MA, August 2013
    Wilfred Nobleheart, Geethalakshmi Shivanapura Lakshmikanth, Animesh Chakravarthy and James E. Steck
  • Flight and HIL Testing of a Longitudinal Model Reference Adaptive Controller on a High-Lag General Aviation Aircraft
    AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference, Boston, MA, August 2013
    Phillip J. Meikel, Bryan S. Steele, Kimberly Lemon, James E. Steck, and Kamran Rokhsaz
  • Single Network Adaptive Critic (SNAC) Design for a Morphing Aircraft
    AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference, Minneapolis, MN, August 2012
    Wilfred Nobleheart, Geethalakshmi L., Animesh Chakravarthy, and James Steck
  • Uadd + Umult MRAC Compensation For Control Reversal: Elevator Miss-rigging in a General Aviation Aircraft
    AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference, Minneapolis, MN, August 2012
    James Steck and Scott Reed
  • A Microburst Response and Recovery Scheme Using Advanced Flight Envelope Protection
    AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference, Minneapolis, MN, August 2012
    Melvin Rafi, James Steck, and Kamran Rokhsaz
  • Adaptive Critic Optimization of Dynamic Inverse Control
    AIAA Infotech@Aerospace 2012, Garden Grove, CA, June 2012
    James Steck, Geethalakshmi Lakshmikanth, and John Watkins
  • Damage Detection with Ultrasonic Sensors and Artificial Neural Networks in Composite Laminates
    2012 Aircraft Airworthiness and Sustainment (AA&S) Conference, Baltimore, MD, April 2012
    Zachary Kral, Walter Horn, and James Steck
  • Single Network Adaptive Critic Aided Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion for Suboptimal Command Tracking
    IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Control, Denver, CO, September 2011
    Geethalakshmi S. Lakshmikanth, Radhakant Padhi, John M. Watkins, and James E. Steck
  • Application of a Six Degree of Freedom Adaptive Controller to a General Aviation Aircraft
    AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference, Portland, OR, August 2011
    Kimberly Lemon, James Steck, Brian Hinson, Kamran Rokhsaz, and Nhan Nguyen
  • Adaptive Control of an Elastic General Aviation Aircraft
    AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference, Portland, OR, August 2011
    Brian Hinson, James Steck, Kamran Rokhsaz, and Nhan Nguyen
  • Demonstration of the Optimal Control Modification for General Aviation: Design and Simulation
    AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference, Portland, OR, August 2011
    Scott Reed, James Steck, and Nhan Nguyen
  • Model Reference Adaptive Fight Control Adapted for General Aviation: Controller Gain Simulation and Preliminary Flight Testing On a Bonanza Fly-By-Wire Testbed
    AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference, Toronto, ON, August 2010
    Kimberly Lemon, James Steck, Brian Hinson, Nhan Nguyen, and Dwayne Kimball
  • Robust Adaptive Control of a General Aviation Aircraft
    AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference, Toronto, ON, August 2010
    Karthikeyan Rajagopal, S. N. Balakrishnan, James Steck, and Dwayne Kimball
  • Dynamic Inverse Resilient Control of a Damaged Asymmetric General Aviation Aircraft
    48th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting Including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition, Orlando, FL, January 2010
    Michael Arruda and James Steck
  • Composite Panel Damage Detection using Ultrasonic Testing and Neural Networks
    SEM Annual Conference & Exposition on Experimental and Applied Mechanics, Albuquerque, NM, June 2009
    Zachary Kral, Walter Horn, and James Steck
  • Neural Network Approach of Active Ultrasonic Signals for Structural Health Monitoring Analysis
    SPIE Smart Structures and Materials + Nondestructive Evaluation and Health Monitoring, San Diego, CA, March 2009
    Zachary Kral, Walter Horn, and James Steck
  • Crack Propagation Analysis Using Acoustic Emission Sensors for Structural Health Monitoring Systems
    50th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference, Palm Springs, CA, May 2009
    Zachary Kral, Walter Horn, and James Steck
  • A Model Following Inverse Controller with Adaptive Compensation for General Aviation Aircraft
    AIAA Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference and Exhibit, Honolulu, HI, August 2008
    H. Samuel Bruner and James E. Steck
  • Implementation of Automatic Airspace Avoidance in an Advanced Flight Control System
    SAE Aerospace Technology Conference and Exposition, September 2007
    Kamran Rokhsaz, James E. Steck, and Yakup Gunbatar
  • Adaptive Critic Flight Control For A General Aviation Aircraft: Simulations For The Beech Bonanza Fly-By-Wire Test Bed
    AIAA Infotech@Aerospace 2007 Conference and Exhibit, Rohnert Park, CA, May 2007
    Rajeev Chandramohan, James Steck, Kamran Rokhsaz, and Silvia Ferrari
  • Response of an Advanced Flight Control System to Microburst Encounters
    SAE Aerospace Technology Conference and Exposition, October 2005
    Kamran Rokhsaz, James E. Steck, Rajeev Chandramohan, and Balbahadur Singh
  • Effect of Turbulence on an Adaptive Dynamic Inverse Flight Controller
    AIAA Infotech@Aerospace, Arlington, VA, September 2005
    James Steck, Kamran Rokhsaz, Urpo Pesonen, Balbahadar Singh, and Rajeev Chandramohan
  • Pilot Evaluation of an Adaptive Controller on a General Aviation SATS Testbed Aircraft
    AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference and Exhibit, Providence, RI, August 2004
    Urpo Pesonen, James Steck, Kamran Rokhsaz, Stuart Mochrie, and Mike Maxfield
  • An Advanced Flight Control System for General Aviation Application
    SAE General Aviation Technology Conference & Exhibition, 成人头条, KS, April 2004
    James E. Steck, Kamran Rokhsaz, Urpo Pesonen, and Noel Duerksen
  • Adaptive Neural Network Inverse Controller for General Aviation Safety
    41st Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, Reno, NV, January 2003
    Urpo Pesonen, James Steck, Kamran Rokhsaz, Sam Bruner, and Noel Duerksen